FranchiseVerdict
McDonald’s logo
FV-01597·STRONGExcellent95

McDonald’s

Food & Beverage - Quick ServiceFranchising since 1955Website
Investment
$523K – $2.6M
87th pct Quick Service
Avg revenue
$4.0M
58th pct Quick Service
Royalty
4.0%
2nd pct Quick Service
Units
13,457
99th pct Quick Service
SBA default
0.0%
vs <3% typical

Bottom line

  • Total investment $523K – $2.6M including a $45K franchise fee, 4.0% ongoing royalty.
  • Average unit revenue of $4.0M/year (median $3.8M). Estimated payback in 1.9 years.
  • Rated STRONG with a risk score of 38/100. SBA loan default rate of 0.0% across 27 loans (below the industry average).
  • 30 litigation matters disclosed in Item 3 — higher than typical. Review the summary for patterns (franchisor-initiated vs. franchisee-initiated).

Item 1 · who you're contracting with

The Franchisor

Legal entity
McDonald’s USA, LLC
Parent company
McDonald’s Corporation
Incorporated in
Delaware
HQ
110 N. Carpenter Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607
Auditor
Ernst & Young LLP
Audited financials
Franchisor revenue
$8.9B
vs $9.6B prior year

Yale framework · single-unit ROIC

Returns Analysis

Pulls Item 7 (investment) and Item 19 (revenue) from this brand's FDD into the Yale unlevered-ROIC formula. Override any input to stress-test it against your own assumptions.

The model · Yale framework

What would one McDonald’s unit return on the cash you put in?

Revenue · per unit, per year
$
FDD Item 19 reports $3,964,000
Franchisor take · royalty + ad fund
Royaltytyp 68%
%
Ad fundtyp 35%
%
Operating costs · category default: qsr
COGS
%
Labor
%
Rent / occupancy
%
Other operating
%
Total invested capital · what you actually put in
Initial investment
$
FDD Item 7: $523K–$2.6M
Working capital
$
FDD reports $80K–$426K

Unlevered ROIC · per unit

30%

In Yale's "attractive" band (30–60%)

0%30–60% Yale band80%

Store EBITDA · annual
$555K
EBITDA margin
14.0%
Total invested
$1.8M
Payback
40 mo
Unit-level only. A multi-unit portfolio gives up roughly 5–15% of this to shared services (corporate G&A) before reaching the ~10-unit break-even Yale describes.

Levered LBO scenario · Yale Crease Capital framing

What would 25 McDonald’s units return on equity?

Edit assumptions

Equity IRR · 5-yr

26.4%

3.22× MOIC

Year-1 DSCR

3.13×

EBITDA ÷ debt service

Equity required

$14.4M

on $27.7M purchase

Total debt

$13.3M

SBA $5.0M + senior + seller note

SBA 7(a) request ($13.9M) exceeds the $5M program cap. Excess capped automatically; backfill via conventional or equity.

Overview

About

Franchisees operate quick-service restaurant locations serving standardized menu items (burgers, fries, beverages). Day-to-day responsibilities include staff hiring/training, inventory management, food preparation oversight, customer service, facility maintenance, and local marketing—all while adhering to strict corporate operating standards and paying 4-5% royalties on all gross sales.

CEO
Joe Erlinger
Founded
1955
FDD year
2024
States available
54

Item 7 · what it costs

The Vitals

Total investment
$523K – $2.6M
All-in to open one unit
Liquid capital
$80K – $426K
Cash you must have on hand
Franchise fee
$45K
Royalty
4.0%
Gross Sales · typical 6–8%
Ad fund
4.0%
typical 3–5%
Total fee load
8.0%
vs 9–13% typical
Payback period
1.9 yrs
From v3 / Item 19

Item 19

Financial Performance

Avg gross sales
$4.0M
Per unit, per year
Median gross sales
$3.8M
Item 19 type
Financial performance of domestic traditional franchised restaurants
Sample size
11362 units
vs category median 37 · large
Range (low → high)
$1.1M$19.6M
Cohort dispersion
Transparency
9 / 5
vs category median 4 / 5 · above
Revenue rank58th
vs Food & Beverage - Quick Service peers
Investment cost rank87th
Lower investment ranks lower (better)
Royalty rate rank2th
Lower royalty = lower percentile (better)
Unit count rank99th
vs Food & Beverage - Quick Service peers
Risk score rank2th
Lower risk = lower percentile (better)

Item 20 · unit dynamics

The Growth Chart

Total units
13,457
Opened
128
Last reporting year
Closed
107
Turnover rate
0.8%
Company-owned
685
Corporate units in the system
% franchised
95%
vs corporate-owned
Net growth (yr3)
+0.1%
Net unit change last year
3-yr CAGR
+0.0%
Compounded over last 3 years
2022
12,772+8
Franchised units
2023
12,764
Franchised units
2024
12,775
Franchised units

Year-over-year franchised unit counts and net change. Source: FDD Item 20.

Item 20 · 16 states with active franchisees

The Territory Map

Derived from franchisee contact records. Shows states with at least one current operator — not where the franchisor is registered to sell new units (that data is re-extracting in a future refresh).

AK
ME
VT
NH
MA
RI
CT
NY
NJ
PA
DE
MD
DC
WA
OR
CA
NV
ID
MT
WY
UT
CO
AZ
NM
ND
SD
NE
KS
OK
TX
MN
IA
MO
AR
LA
WI
IL
MS
TN
MI
IN
KY
AL
OH
WV
GA
VA
NC
SC
FL
HI
Registered · 16 states
Not registered

States derived from franchisee phone area codes (Item 20). Approximate — ported numbers may show the original state, not the franchisee's current location.

Government records

SBA Loan Data

Aggregated from SBA 7(a) loan disclosures, public data unique to FranchiseVerdict.

Total loans
27
Loan volume
Avg loan
Default rate
0.0%
vs <3% typical · system-wide
5-yr default

FranchiseVerdict rating + FDD Items 3, 5, 6, 12, 17

Risk & Legal

38
Risk · 0-100
STRONG38 / 100

McDonald's presents a CAUTION-level risk profile: while financially established, the stagnant unit growth (0.1%), unprotected territory, substantial litigation exposure, and high royalty burden on gross sales create meaningful headwinds for new franchisee profitability and protection.

Score breakdown · what drove the 38 / 100 rating

  1. 01MEDSystem stagnation: Only 0.1% YoY unit growth indicates mature/declining system with limited expansion opportunity
  2. 02MINORUnprotected territory: No territorial exclusivity means corporate can open competing locations within your service area, directly cannibalizing revenue
  3. 03HIGHSignificant litigation exposure: Multiple class actions (consumer fraud, joint employer, discrimination, trademark) suggest systemic operational and legal risks that could impact franchise model
  4. 04MINORHigh capital requirement relative to net margins: $522.5K-$2.6M investment against $835K average net income creates thin margin for error and slow payback period
  5. 05MINOR4-5% royalty on gross sales (not net) extracts $158K-$198K annually from average unit, reducing net income by 19-24%
  6. 06MINOR20-year term locks franchisee into potentially unfavorable agreement as brand faces reputational and operational headwinds

Severity inferred from the FDD text · not a regulatory classification

FDD Items 5, 6, 12, 17 · continued from Risk & Legal

Contract & Territory Detail

Protected territory
No
Initial term
20 years
Franchisor can compete
Yes
Hire a manager?
Allowed
Litigation count
30
Right of first refusal
Yes
Franchisor can buy back on resale
Mandatory arbitration
No
Jury trial waiver
Yes
Non-compete
1.5 yrs
Post-termination restriction
Owner-operator
Required
Governing law
Illinois

Item 11

Training & Operations

Classroom training
221 hrs
On-the-job training
327 hrs
POS system
Sesame
Operating tech stack

Item 20

Franchisee Contacts

Phone numbers extracted directly from this brand's FDD Item 20. After purchase, you'll also receive a list of validation questions tailored to this brand.

Franchisee contacts

99 numbers

Locked
(907) 746-••••
AK
(217) 782-••••
IL
(907) 349-••••
AK

One-time purchase · CSV download · Validation questions included

FDD download

McDonald’s · FDD (2024) PDF

Single-page checkout · instant download · CSV export of contacts available separately above