McDonald’s Franchise Cost, Revenue & Review 2026
- Investment
- $1.5M – $2.8M
- Disclosed sales
- $4.1M
- gross sales, not profit
- SBA charge-off
- Limited · 24 loans
Data from FDD filing + SBA 7(a) records
Analysis by FranchiseVerdict Research · Methodology
McDonald's is the world's largest quick-service restaurant chain, serving a value-priced menu of burgers, fries, chicken, and breakfast. Franchisees operate individual restaurants under McDonald's standardized system and supply chain.
FranchiseVerdict summary · 2026
A McDonald’s franchise requires a total initial investment of $1.5M – $2.8M, including a $23K – $45K franchise fee and an ongoing 5.0% royalty[2]. Per the 2026 FDD, average unit revenue was $4.1M[2]. FranchiseVerdict grade: A (Strongest tier), an editorial assessment, not investment advice. Run a live ROI scan →
Sources, dates and evidence
FDD issued: · Data extracted: · Last cited check: · Staleness risk: low - issued within the last 12 months
Evidence: strong✓ Investment (Item 7)✓ Item 19 status✓ Units and owners (Item 20)✓ SBA loan coverage✓ Litigation (Item 3)✓ Financial statements (Item 21)✓ Franchisor identityhow this is scored8 of 8 headline figures on this page cite a page of the filing.
Overview
- Investment
- $1.5M – $2.8M
- 97th pct Service Resta…
- Avg gross sales
- $4.1M
- 36th pct Service Resta…
- Royalty
- 5.0%
- 12th pct Service Resta…
- Units
- 13,706
- 97th pct Service Resta…
- SBA charge-off
- N/A
Quick verdict · Quick-Service Restaurants · color = vs category peers
Green = favorable by >10% vs Quick-Service Restaurants median · No shading = within ±10% · Red = unfavorable by >10% · Source: FDD filings + SBA 7(a)
Data from public FDD filings and SBA records. Not financial advice. Methodology
Bottom line
- COSTTotal investment $1.5M – $2.8M including a $45K franchise fee, 5.0% ongoing royalty.
- RETURNSAverage unit revenue of $4.1M/year (median $3.9M).
- RISKVerdict A (Strongest tier), verdict score 83/100 (higher is better).
- GROWTHPositive: net +175 franchised outlets in the latest year (221 opened, 46 closed) (Item 20).
- LEGAL25 litigation matters disclosed in Item 3, higher than typical. Of the 15 listed on this page, 11 name the franchisor itself, 4 its parent, affiliates or predecessor. Pending claims are allegations, not findings.
Item 1 · who you're contracting with
The Franchisor
Corporate structure & franchisor financials
- Legal entity
- McDonald's USA, LLC
- Parent company
- McDonald's Corporation
- FDD Item 1, page 9 of the 2026 FDD
- Predecessor
- McDonald's Corporation
- Prior franchisor entity
- CEO title
- Director and President
- Joe Erlinger
- Incorporated in
- Delaware
- HQ
- 110 N. Carpenter Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607
- Auditor
- Ernst & Young LLP
- Audited financials
- Franchisor revenue
- $3.1B
- vs $7.4B prior year
Independent franchisee associations
- National Owners Association
Franchisee-led councils or alliances disclosed in Item 20. Indicates operator voice.
Overview
About
- CEO
- Joe Erlinger
- Headquarters
- Illinois
- Founded
- 1955
- FDD year
- 2026
- States available
- 54
Can you afford it, and what does the money buy?
Entry cost runs 341% above the typical quick-service restaurants franchise.
Source: FDD 2026 · Items 5–7
FDD Item 7 · 2026 filing
Initial investment breakdown
| Cost component | Low | High |
|---|---|---|
| Initial franchise fee | $45K | $45K |
| Working capital (3–6 mo) | $250K | $452K |
| Equipment, build-out, other | $1.2M | $2.3M |
| Total initial investment | $1.5M | $2.8M |
Source: McDonald’s 2026 FDD, Items 5 and 7[2]. “Equipment, build-out, other” is computed as total minus disclosed line items above.
Item 7 · what it costs to open + operate
The Vitals
- Total investment
- $1.5M – $2.8M
- Bottom third — review vs category
- Liquid capital req'd
- $250K – $452K
- Bottom third — review vs category
- Franchise fee
- $23K – $45K
- Bottom third — review vs category
- Royalty
- 5.0%
- Tiered by sales volume · typical 6–8%
- Ad fund
- 4.0%
- typical 3–5%
- Total fee load
- 8.0%
- vs 9–13% typical
Ongoing fees · Item 6
| Fee | Amount |
|---|---|
| Royalty | 5.0% of gross sales |
| Marketing / ad fund | 4.0% of gross sales |
| Technology fee | $1K |
| Inventory (initial) | $20K – $39K |
| Total fee load | 8.0% of rev |
What do units actually make?
Average unit sales run 316% above the quick-service restaurants norm.
Source: FDD 2026 · Item 19
Single-unit · not modelled
Returns at a glance
An FDD discloses gross sales, not profit, and the operating costs that turn one into the other are in no filing. We publish no modelled return for McDonald’s until someone supplies them — yours, in the models below.
—
Not modelled yet
An FDD discloses gross sales, not profit. We hold no sourced figure for COGS, labour, rent / occupancy and other operating costs, and will not substitute an assumed one. Enter your own and the model runs on your assumptions.
Total invested capital · disclosed
$2.5M
Item 7 initial investment plus working capital, as filed — the one figure here that needs no assumption.
ROI & LBO modelsSingle-unit · 25-unit portfolio · editable
What one unit earns on your invested capital
Model A · Single-Unit Return
Computes unlevered return on invested capital (ROIC) for a single franchise unit, read against the 30–60% reference band · Yale SOM, Post-MBA Path Exhibit 2 (2023). Below that band a passive index fund likely outperforms; above it the franchisor has pricing power you're subsidizing.
Note: Item 19 revenue is what the franchisor discloses, and it is the top line only — gross sales are not profit. No FDD discloses the operating costs that turn one into the other, so those fields start empty and nothing is modelled until you supply them from your own lease quote, labor market and build-out budget.
Returns model · single-unit ROIC
What would one McDonald’s unit return on the cash you put in?
Illustrative category typicals — not sourced to any filing, survey or sample. Replace them with figures from franchisee validation calls before you rely on the output.
Unlevered ROIC · per unit
Your modelled return on total invested capital, before any debt financing.
—
An FDD discloses gross sales, not profit. We hold no sourced figure for COGS, labour, rent / occupancy and other operating costs, and will not substitute an assumed one. Enter your own and the model runs on your assumptions.
What 25 units return when you use SBA financing
Model B · Return on Equity: Debt-Financed Acquisition
Models a 25-unit portfolio acquisition financed with an SBA 7(a) loan. Shows equity IRR (your return on cash invested), DSCR (how safely the cash flow covers debt service), and the capital stack (SBA + seller + equity breakdown).
This is the “search fund” or “entrepreneurship through acquisition” scenario: you buy an existing multi-unit operator, use leverage to amplify returns, and either operate or hire management. The 25-unit size is the typical minimum for an SBA-backed franchise portfolio acquisition to pencil as a full-time income.
What “return on equity” means here: if you put in $500K of your own cash and the business generates enough EBITDA to pay down debt and grow, your equity IRR is the annual return on that $500K, including the value created when you eventually sell. Target IRR for a search fund is typically 25–35%.
Not modelled yet
An FDD discloses gross sales, not profit. We hold no sourced figure for COGS, labour, rent / occupancy and other operating costs, and will not substitute an assumed one. Enter your own and the model runs on your assumptions.
A 25-unit return is built on a per-unit EBITDA. Fill in the operating costs in Model A above and this model runs on that figure, or take the whole scenario to the full ROI workbench, where the portfolio and LBO models accept your own per-unit economics directly.
These models are for research and scenario planning only. Not investment advice. Actual results depend on your specific location, management, and market conditions. Consult a franchise attorney and accountant before signing any franchise agreement.
Item 19 · Source: 2026 FDD
Financial Performance
- Avg gross sales
- $4.1M
- Per unit, per year
- Median gross sales
- $3.9M
Gross sales are revenue before expenses — not profit. Actual owner earnings depend on rent, labor, royalties, marketing fees, and debt service.
- Item 19 type
- historical
- Sample size
- 12,212 outlets
- vs category median 19 · large
- Range (low → high)
- $1.1M→$20.4MCited, not corroborated — printed on page 42 of the 2026 FDD. Nothing else in our record independently restates or re-derives it.
- Cohort dispersion (min → max)
- Reporting year
- 2025
- Fiscal year the figures cover
- Source filing
- FDD 2026
- Disclosed in the 2026 filing, covering 2025
- Transparency
- 9 / 10
- vs category median 4 / 10 · above
Compared against 781 Quick-Service Restaurants brands
Operator outlook
What the numbers say
Data-driven interpretation of this brand's financial disclosures, fee structure, and system trajectory.
Unit economics
Average unit generates $4.1M/year in gross sales. Revenue-to-investment ratio: 1.9x.
Fee burden
Total ongoing fee load of 8.0% (near the Quick-Service Restaurants median).
Disclosure
Transparency score 9/10 — this franchisor discloses detailed breakdowns (quartiles, segments, or cohort data). Buyers can model unit economics with higher confidence.
Source: FDD Item 19 financial performance representations and publicly filed FDD data. Past performance is not indicative of future results. Verify all figures with the franchisor and current franchisees before making any investment decision.
vs Quick-Service Restaurants medians
How McDonald’s Compares
Category median of published Quick-Service Restaurants brands that report the figure; the middle half spans the 25th to 75th percentile and n counts the brands behind it. Medians are used because a few very large systems pull an average far from the typical brand. Revenue is disclosed gross sales, not profit.
Is the system healthy?
Source: FDD 2026 · Item 20
Unit growth
Item 20 · unit dynamics
The Growth Chart
- Total units
- 13,706
- Opened
- 221
- Last reporting year
- Closed
- 46
- Terminated
- 0
- Franchisor ended the franchise (per Item 20)
- Non-renewed
- 46
- Term expired, not renewed (per Item 20)
- Turnover rate
- 0.3%
- Company-owned
- 644
- Corporate units in the system
- % franchised
- 95%
- vs corporate-owned
Last fiscal year · Item 20 exits and transfers
- Terminated
- 0
- Not renewed
- 46
- Transferred
- 728
- Reacquired
- 0
- Franchisor bought back
Year-over-year franchised unit counts and net change. Source: FDD Item 20.
Item 20 · 51 states with active franchisees
The Territory Map
Derived from franchisee contact records. Shows states with at least one current operator. Not where the franchisor is registered to sell new units (that data is re-extracting in a future refresh).
States derived from franchisee contact records (FDD Item 20). Shows states with at least one current operator on file. Full state registration data (Item 12) will appear on a future FDD refresh.
Where the owners are · Item 20 owner list
12,303 current owners across 51 states; 42 former (terminated, transferred or not renewed) listed separately.
- CA 1,130
- TX 1,071
- FL 703
- IL 565
- OH 553
- NY 540
- MI 460
- NC 439
- PA 436
- GA 424
- VA 347
- TN 325
- +39 more states
Counts only, from the list the franchisor prints in Item 20. Names and phone numbers are for your own due diligence and are not shown here.
SBA loan performance
Government records
SBA Loan Data
Aggregated from SBA 7(a) and 504 loan disclosures, public data unique to FranchiseVerdict.
- Total loans
- 24
- Loan volume
- $4.9M
- Median loan
- $100K
- 50th percentile
- Charge-off rate
- Limited · 24 loans
- Limited SBA coverage: 24 loans, rate hidden until 10 have resolved and loans reach 2% of franchised units
Historical SBA 7(a) lending data, not predictive of future performance. How SBA charge-off rates are calculated
- Repayment rate (PIF)
- Limited · 24 loans
- 5-yr charge-off
- Limited · 24 loans
- Loans approved 2021+
- Active lenders
- 17
- Defaults
- 4
- Typical loan rate
- 4.5%
- avg rate to borrowers
- Franchised industry avg
- 10.8%
- n=12,827 loans
- Jobs supported
- 1,225
- 25.0 per loan
- Lender concentration
- 17%
- top lender's share
Franchise vs independent — in limited-service restaurants, franchised businesses charge off at 10.8% vs 10.0% for independents — franchising is associated with 8% higher SBA default risk in this category.
Vintage analysis
McDonald’s charge-off rate by loan vintage
Top lenders financing McDonald’s franchisees
Showing 3 of 17 lenders. The full breakdown — every lender, state distribution, interest rates & risk ratings — is in the SBA Lending Report below.
Explore lender portfolios on Bank Reports or regional data on State Reports.
Lender network · 7(a) + 504
SBA Lending Report
Full lending analysis for McDonald’s from SBA 7(a) FOIA data.
- Principal loss rate
- 8.1%
- Avg SBA guarantee
- 67%
- Avg interest rate
- 4.50%
- Avg chargeoff amount
- $99K
- Lender concentration
- 16.7%
- Job velocity
- 25.0 per $100K
- Jobs supported
- 1,225
Top SBA lendersTop lender holds 17% of loans
| # | Lender | Loans | Volume | Default % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4 | N/A | N/A | |
| 2 | 2 | N/A | N/A | |
| 3 | 2 | N/A | N/A | |
| 4 | 2 | N/A | N/A | |
| 5 | 2 | N/A | N/A |
Geographic failure vector
| State | Loans | Defaults | Rate |
|---|---|---|---|
| MIMichigan | 5 | 0 | 0.0% |
| PAPennsylvania | 3 | 0 | 0.0% |
| CTConnecticut | 2 | 1 | 50.0% |
| DCWashington DC | 2 | 0 | 0.0% |
| MAMassachusetts | 2 | 2 | 100.0% |
| OHOhio | 2 | 0 | 0.0% |
| AZArizona | 1 | 0 | 0.0% |
| CACalifornia | 1 | 0 | 0.0% |
| KSKansas | 1 | 1 | 100.0% |
| MNMinnesota | 1 | 0 | 0.0% |
SBA 7(a) lending trend
Source: SBA 7(a) + 504 FOIA loan-level data, matched by FranchiseVerdict
What could kill this investment?
Source: SBA 7(a) FOIA · FDD Items 3, 21
Risk analysis
FranchiseVerdict rating + FDD Items 3, 4, 8, 16, 21
Risk & Legal
McDonald's presents a CAUTION-level risk profile: while financially established, the stagnant unit growth (0.1%), unprotected territory, substantial litigation exposure, and high royalty burden on gross sales create meaningful headwinds for new franchisee profitability and protection.
Litigation (Item 3)
Subject: the franchisor is a named party (defendant).
3 pending federal putative class actions (breach of franchise agreement/CUTPA, E. coli/Quarter Pounder product liability class action, McRib deceptive marketing class action) plus numerous ongoing joint-employer labor/employment suits; 17 concluded matters since 2007 including franchisee discrimination/termination settlements (up to $33.5M), a 2023 SEC administrative settlement re: Easterbrook severance disclosures (no penalty), PFAS packaging settlement, and various consumer class action settlements ($2,500 to $15.6M range plus a $19M supplier-related settlement in May 2025).
Largest disclosed settlement: $33,500,000
Bankruptcy (Item 4)
None disclosed
Audited financials (Item 21)
Yes · Ernst & Young LLP
Franchisor revenue (Item 21)
Franchisor entity revenue (not unit-level)
ⓘ These are the parent company's consolidated financials (the parent guarantees the franchisor), not this brand's standalone results — the figure reflects the whole corporate group, not this brand alone.
Supplier relationship · Items 8 & 16
- Franchisor sells you products: No
- Kickbacks from required suppliers: Yes
- Must buy proprietary products: Yes
- Restricted to system-approved products: Yes
- Can negotiate own supplier terms: Yes
Score breakdown · what drove the 83 / 100 verdict
- 01MEDSystem stagnation: Only 0.1% YoY unit growth indicates mature/declining system with limited expansion opportunity
- 02MINORUnprotected territory: No territorial exclusivity means corporate can open competing locations within your service area, directly cannibalizing revenue
- 03HIGHSignificant litigation exposure: Multiple class actions (consumer fraud, joint employer, discrimination, trademark) suggest systemic operational and legal risks that could impact franchise model
- 04MINOR4-5% royalty on gross sales (not net) extracts $158K-$198K annually from average unit, reducing net income by 19-24%
- 05MINOR20-year term locks franchisee into potentially unfavorable agreement as brand faces reputational and operational headwinds
Severity inferred from the FDD text · not a regulatory classification
Litigation case detail25 matters · Item 3
Litigation cases
The franchisor
Pending (3)
George R. Michell, et al. v. McDonald’s Corporation, McDonald’s USA, LLC, et al.
pendingBrought by a franchisee · filed 2024-05-09 · United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York · 1:24-cv-03442
“George R. Michell, et al. v. McDonald’s Corporation, McDonald’s USA, LLC, et al. (Case No. 1:24-cv-03442). On May 9, 2024, plaintiff, a franchisee, filed a complaint against our predecessor, three of our officers, and us in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York. Plaintiff alleges that we targeted plaintiff to force him out of the McDonald’s System because he is”Page 12 of the 2026 FDD, Item 3
Tammy Williams v. McDonald’s USA, LLC
pendingThird-party plaintiff · filed 2024-10-31 · U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois · 1:24-cv-11275
“Tammy Williams v. McDonald’s USA, LLC (Case No. 1:24-cv-11275). On October 31, 2024, plaintiff filed a complaint against us in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois, on behalf of herself and a purported class of nationwide McDonald’s customers who were exposed to E. coli as a result of purchasing Quarter Pounder sandwiches from McDonald’s. The plaintiff alleges that she purchased”Page 12 of the 2026 FDD, Item 3
Christine Crawford, et al. v. McDonald’s USA, LLC and McDonald’s Corporation
pendingBrought by a franchisee · filed 2020-08-31 · U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division · 1:20-cv-05132
“Christine Crawford, et al. v. McDonald’s USA, LLC and McDonald’s Corporation (Case No. 1:20-cv-05132). On August 31, 2020, plaintiffs, seventy-seven former franchisees, filed a complaint against us and our predecessor in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division. Their complaint alleges that we and our predecessor discriminated against Black franchisees on the basis”Page 12 of the 2026 FDD, Item 3
Concluded (8)
Herbert Washington et al. v. McDonald’s USA, LLC and McDonald’s Corporation
settledBrought by a franchisee · filed 2021-02-16 · U.S. District Court, Northern District of Ohio, Eastern Division · 4:21-cv-00367
“Herbert Washington et al. v. McDonald’s USA, LLC and McDonald’s Corporation (Case No. 4:21-cv- 00367). On February 16, 2021, plaintiff, a current franchisee, filed a complaint against us and our predecessor in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Ohio, Eastern Division, alleging that we and our predecessor discriminated against him on the basis of his race.”Page 16 of the 2026 FDD, Item 3
Outcome:“The parties agreed to settle this matter by us purchasing all thirteen of the plaintiff’s franchises for $33,500,000 and plaintiff agreed to a general release and to dismiss all claims.”
James Byrd, Jr. and Darrell Byrd v. McDonald’s USA, LLC and McDonald’s Corporation
settledBrought by a franchisee · filed 2020-10-29 · U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division · 1:20-cv-6447
“James Byrd, Jr. and Darrell Byrd v. McDonald’s USA, LLC and McDonald’s Corporation (Case No. 1:20-cv- 6447). On October 29, 2020, plaintiffs, two current franchisees, filed a complaint against us and our predecessor in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division, alleging that we and our predecessor discriminated against Black franchisees on the basis of their race.”Page 16 of the 2026 FDD, Item 3
Outcome:“The parties agreed to settle this matter by us purchasing all four of the plaintiffs’ franchises for $6,500,000 and plaintiff agreed to a general release and to dismiss all claims.”
Stephanie Turner v. McDonald’s USA, LLC and McDonald’s Corporation
settledThird-party plaintiff · filed 2019-08-15 · U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division · 1:19-cv-05524
“Stephanie Turner v. McDonald’s USA, LLC and McDonald’s Corporation (Case No. 1:19-cv-05524). On August 15, 2019, plaintiff, who worked in corporate-owned and franchisee-owned restaurants, filed a complaint against us and our predecessor in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division. Her complaint alleged that a provision of McDonald’s franchise agreement unlawfully”Page 17 of the 2026 FDD, Item 3
Outcome:“On January 5, 2026, the court dismissed the case pursuant to the parties’ agreement to settle the matter for $12,500,000 and a mutual release of claims.”
Tavarua Restaurants, Inc. et al. v. McDonald’s USA, LLC
settledBrought by a franchisee · filed 2019-01-04 · U.S. District Court, Southern District of California · 19-CV-0021-MMA-NLS
“Tavarua Restaurants, Inc. et al. v. McDonald’s USA, LLC (Case No. 19-CV-0021-MMA-NLS). On January 4, 2019, the plaintiffs, the estate of a recently deceased franchisee and that franchisee’s operating companies, filed a complaint in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of California against us. The complaint alleges that we improperly exercised a right of first refusal seeking to purchase”Page 15 of the 2026 FDD, Item 3
Outcome:“Following the ruling, the parties entered into a settlement agreement and mutual release that provided for the sale of the eight franchises to us for $15.6M.”
Leinani Deslandes, et al. v. McDonald’s USA, LLC, and McDonald’s Corporation and Does 1-10
settledThird-party plaintiff · filed 2017-06-28 · U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division · 1:17-cv-04857
“Leinani Deslandes, et al. v. McDonald’s USA, LLC, and McDonald’s Corporation and Does 1-10 (Case No. 1:17- cv-04857). On June 28, 2017, plaintiff, a former franchisee employee, filed a complaint against us and our predecessor in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division, alleging that a provision of McDonald’s franchise agreement unlawfully prohibited her from”Page 17 of the 2026 FDD, Item 3
Outcome:“On January 5, 2026, the court dismissed the case pursuant to the parties’ agreement to settle the matter for $12,500,000 and a mutual release of claims.”
Sebastian E. Lentini, et al. v. McDonald’s USA, LLC, et al.
settledBrought by a franchisee · filed 2017-09-18 · Hudson County Superior Court, New Jersey · LCV2017217171
“Sebastian E. Lentini, et al. v. McDonald’s USA, LLC, et al. (Case No. LCV2017217171). On September 18, 2017, plaintiff, a current franchisee, and his operating companies, filed a complaint against us and certain current and former regional employees in Hudson County Superior Court, New Jersey. The complaint alleged a pattern and practice of age discrimination, constructive termination of”Page 16 of the 2026 FDD, Item 3
Outcome:“We agreed to settle this matter by purchasing all six of plaintiff’s franchises for $22,000,000 and plaintiff agreed to a general release and to dismiss all claims.”
José Quijano and JCQ Foods, Inc. v. McDonald’s USA, LLC, McDonald’s Systems de Puerto Rico, Inc. h/n/c Arcos Dorados Puerto Rico, Inc., Golden Arch Development Corporation, Inc., et al.
settledBrought by a franchisee · filed 2014-11-20 · Puerto Rico Court of First Instance, Arecibo, Puerto Rico · CAC 402-2014-3456
“José Quijano and JCQ Foods, Inc. v. McDonald’s USA, LLC, McDonald’s Systems de Puerto Rico, Inc. h/n/c Arcos Dorados Puerto Rico, Inc., Golden Arch Development Corporation, Inc., et al. (Case No. CAC 402-2014- 3456). On November 20, 2014, the owner of 14 McDonald’s restaurants in Puerto Rico and his operating entity, filed a complaint against us, our predecessor’s Puerto Rican companies, Arcos”Page 15 of the 2026 FDD, Item 3
Outcome:“The defendants agreed to settle this matter by paying $6,319,344.08 for plaintiffs’ remaining ten franchises and attorneys’ fees, and the parties exchanged mutual releases.”
Stephanie Ochoa, et al. v. McDonald’s Corp., McDonald’s USA, LLC, McDonald’s Restaurants of California, Inc., The Edward J. Smith and Valerie S. Smith Family Limited Partnership d/b/a McDonald’s and Does 1-100
settledThird-party plaintiff · filed 2014-03-12 · Superior Court of the State of California, County of Alameda (removed to U.S. District Court, Northern District of California) · 3:14-cv-02098-JD
“Stephanie Ochoa, et al. v. McDonald’s Corp., McDonald’s USA, LLC, McDonald’s Restaurants of California, Inc., The Edward J. Smith and Valerie S. Smith Family Limited Partnership d/b/a McDonald’s and Does 1-100 (Case No. 3:14-cv-02098-JD). On March 12, 2014, the plaintiffs, various current and former employees of franchised restaurants, filed a lawsuit against us, our predecessor, an affiliate and”Page 14 of the 2026 FDD, Item 3
Outcome:“The defendant McDonald’s entities and plaintiffs separately reached a settlement agreement wherein the McDonald’s entities agreed to pay $3,750,000 and certain limited injunctive relief in exchange for dismissal of all remaining claims with prejudice. The court granted final approval and dismissed all claims against the defendant McDonald’s entities with prejudice on August 4, 2017.”
Parent, affiliates and predecessor
Pending (1)
Peter Le, et al. v. McDonald’s Corporation
pendingThird-party plaintiff · McDonald’s Corporation · filed 2025-12-23 · U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois · 1:2-cv-15609
“Peter Le, et al. v. McDonald’s Corporation (Case No 1:2-cv-15609). On December 23, 2025, plaintiffs filed a complaint against our predecessor in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois, on behalf of themselves and a purported class of nationwide McDonald’s customers who purchased McRib sandwiches. Plaintiffs allege that our predecessor deceptively marketed the McRib sandwich by,”Page 13 of the 2026 FDD, Item 3
Concluded (3)
Kytch, Inc. v. McDonald’s Corporation
dismissedThird-party plaintiff · McDonald’s Corporation · filed 2022-03-01 · U.S. District Court, District of Delaware · 1:22-cv-00279
“Kytch, Inc. v. McDonald’s Corporation (Case No. 1:22-cv-00279). On March 1, 2022, plaintiff filed a complaint against our predecessor in the U.S. District Court, District of Delaware. The complaint alleged that our predecessor engaged in false advertising, trade libel and deceptive trade practices by warning franchisees of safety concerns associated with a device designed to diagnose and repair”Page 17 of the 2026 FDD, Item 3
Outcome:“On May 9, 2025, the court dismissed the case against our predecessor, as well as a related matter against one of our suppliers and its distributor, pursuant to all defendants agreeing to pay $19,000,000 in exchange for a mutual release of claims.”
AA&S Food Service Corp., et al. v. McDonald’s Corporation, McDonald’s Systems de Puerto Rico, Inc., Golden Arch Development Corporation, Inc., et al.
settledBrought by a franchisee · McDonald’s Corporation and its Puerto Rican companies · filed 2007-01-29 · Puerto Rico Court of First Instance, San Juan, Puerto Rico · KAC07-0725 (603)
“AA&S Food Service Corp., et al. v. McDonald’s Corporation, McDonald’s Systems de Puerto Rico, Inc., Golden Arch Development Corporation, Inc., et al. (Case No. KAC07-0725 (603)). On January 29, 2007, the plaintiffs, franchisees of various McDonald’s restaurants in Puerto Rico, filed a complaint against our predecessor, its Puerto Rican companies, and others in the Puerto Rico Court of First”Page 15 of the 2026 FDD, Item 3
Outcome:“The defendants agreed to settle this matter by paying $15,780,655.92 for plaintiffs’ remaining twenty-three franchises and attorneys’ fees, and the parties exchanged mutual releases.”
In the Matter of Stephen J. Easterbrook and McDonald’s Corporation
settledGovernment or regulatory action · McDonald’s Corporation (with former CEO Stephen J. Easterbrook) · Securities and Exchange Commission (administrative) · File No. 3-21269
“In the Matter of Stephen J. Easterbrook and McDonald’s Corporation (File No. 3-21269). In January 2023, our predecessor entered into an administrative settlement with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) concerning certain of its proxy disclosures relating to the process behind former CEO Steve Easterbrook’s separation from our predecessor in 2019.”Page 16 of the 2026 FDD, Item 3
Outcome:“In connection with this settlement, and without admitting or denying the SEC’s findings, our predecessor agreed to cease and desist from committing or causing any violations of Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act and Exchange Act Rule 14a-3. The SEC recognized our predecessor’s substantial cooperation as well as the affirmative action taken by our predecessor to recover value for its shareholders”
This list shows 15 of the 25 matters Item 3 discloses; the rest are in the filing.
Item 3 lists the litigation the franchisor must disclose; a matter against a parent, an affiliate or a named officer is not a matter against the franchisor, and pending claims are allegations, not findings.
What are you signing up for?
Ongoing fees run about 8.0% of sales (royalty + ad fund), before rent and labor.
Source: FDD 2026 · Items 11, 12, 17
FDD Items 12, 15, 17 · continued from Risk & Legal
Contract & Territory Detail
| Initial term | 20 years |
|---|---|
| Allowed renewalsℹ | 0 |
| Territory type | No territory protection |
| Protected territory | No |
| Exclusive territoryℹ | No |
| Franchisor can compete | Yes |
| Hire a manager? | Not allowed |
| Owner-operator | Required |
| Non-compete (years)ℹ | 1 year |
| Non-compete (miles)ℹ | 10 mi |
| Right of first refusalℹ | Yes |
| Transfer requires consent | Yes |
| Termination notice | 10 days |
| Mandatory arbitration | No |
| Jury trial waiver | No |
| Governing law | Illinois |
| Litigation count | 25 |
View Item 3 litigation summary
3 pending federal putative class actions (breach of franchise agreement/CUTPA, E. coli/Quarter Pounder product liability class action, McRib deceptive marketing class action) plus numerous ongoing joint-employer labor/employment suits; 17 concluded matters since 2007 including franchisee discrimination/termination settlements (up to $33.5M), a 2023 SEC administrative settlement re: Easterbrook severance disclosures (no penalty), PFAS packaging settlement, and various consumer class action settlements ($2,500 to $15.6M range plus a $19M supplier-related settlement in May 2025).
Items 10, 11
Training & Operations
- Classroom training
- 64 hrs
- On-the-job training
- 327 hrs
- Training location
- Hamburger University in Chicago, IL, and restaurant/self-study/coaching/e-learning
- Ongoing training
- Required
- Site selection
- franchisor
- Franchisor financing
- Not offered
- Item 10
- POS system
- Technology Platform
- Operating tech stack
Items 5 & 11
Franchisor Support
Technology: Technology Platform
Item 20 · call current owners
Franchisee Contacts
12,345 owners to call
Name · phone · city · state. Extracted from FDD Item 20
Frequently asked questions
Frequently Asked Questions
How much does it cost to open a McDonald’s franchise?
The total investment to open a McDonald’s franchise ranges from $1.5M – $2.8M, with an initial franchise fee of $45K. This includes real estate, equipment, inventory, and working capital as disclosed in their Franchise Disclosure Document (FDD).
What do McDonald’s franchise owners earn?
According to Item 19 of the McDonald’s FDD, the average gross sales per unit is $4.1M. The median is $3.9M. Note: this is gross revenue, not profit. Actual owner earnings vary based on location, operating costs, and management.
Who owns McDonald’s?
McDonald’s is franchised by McDonald's USA, LLC. Its parent company is McDonald's Corporation. Source: FDD Item 1, 2026 filing.
What is Item 19 in the McDonald’s FDD?
The FDD section where a franchisor may disclose financial performance of its outlets. Disclosure is optional and formats vary; figures are typically gross sales, which is revenue before expenses, not profit. FranchiseVerdict extracts these figures directly from the McDonald’s FDD and qualifies whose outlets they describe.
What is McDonald’s's franchise failure rate?
SBA 7(a) loan charge-off data is not available for McDonald’s (fewer than 10 loans on file). Charge-off rates are one way to gauge franchise risk, but not all franchise loans go through the SBA program. We recommend reviewing turnover and closure data in the FDD and speaking with current franchisees.
How many McDonald’s franchise locations are there?
As of their most recent FDD filing, McDonald’s has 13,706 total units in the United States, including 13,062 franchised units and 644 company-owned units. 221 new units were opened in the latest reporting year.
Is McDonald’s a good franchise to buy?
FranchiseVerdict rates McDonald’s as a A-grade franchise with a verdict score of 83 out of 100 (higher is better). The grade is a deterministic score built from six weighted dimensions — financial health, unit economics, unit growth, scale, legal, and transparency — then calibrated against SBA loan charge-off rates and FDD age. Transparency is one of the six, so a filing that discloses less scores lower on that dimension than one that discloses more. Our rating is based solely on publicly available FDD and government data; we recommend speaking with current franchisees before making any investment decision. This is not investment advice.
Data sourced from public FDD filings and SBA 7(a) FOIA records. Not financial advice.
For franchisors
Are you the franchisor?
If you represent McDonald’s, you can request corrections or provide updated information.
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Data extracted from public FDD filings and SBA 7(a) loan disclosures (FOIA). This information is provided for research purposes only and does not constitute financial, legal, or investment advice. Verify all figures with the franchisor's current Franchise Disclosure Document before making any investment decision.