FranchiseVerdict
GNC logo
FV-01061·MODERATEExcellent95

GNC

Health & Wellness - OtherFranchising since 1987Website
Investment
$188K – $507K
50th pct Other
Avg revenue
$476K
14th pct Other
Royalty
6.0%
16th pct Other
Units
2,140
99th pct Other
SBA default
0.0%
vs <3% typical

Bottom line

  • Total investment $188K – $507K including a $20K franchise fee, 6.0% ongoing royalty.
  • Average unit revenue of $476K/year (median $444K).
  • Rated MODERATE with a risk score of 64/100. SBA loan default rate of 0.0% across 19 loans (below the industry average).
  • Auditor disclosed a going-concern note — flagged doubt about the franchisor's ability to continue operations. Verify against the latest FDD.

Item 1 · who you're contracting with

The Franchisor

Legal entity
GNC Holdings, LLC
Parent company
Harbin Pharmaceutical Group Holding Co., Ltd.
Incorporated in
Delaware
HQ
75 Hopper Place, Suite 501, Pittsburgh, PA 15222
Auditor
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Audited financials
Franchisor revenue
$1.3B
vs $1.2B prior year
⚠ Going-concern note
Disclosed in FDD 2025
Auditor flagged doubt about continued operations. Verify against the latest FDD before deciding.

Yale framework · single-unit ROIC

Returns Analysis

Pulls Item 7 (investment) and Item 19 (revenue) from this brand's FDD into the Yale unlevered-ROIC formula. Override any input to stress-test it against your own assumptions.

The model · Yale framework

What would one GNC unit return on the cash you put in?

Revenue · per unit, per year
$
FDD Item 19 reports $475,924
Franchisor take · royalty + ad fund
Royaltytyp 68%
%
Ad fundtyp 35%
%
Operating costs · category default: personal services
COGS
%
Labor
%
Rent / occupancy
%
Other operating
%
Total invested capital · what you actually put in
Initial investment
$
FDD Item 7: $188K–$507K
Working capital
$
FDD reports $10K–$30K

Unlevered ROIC · per unit

27%

Below typical band (30–60%)

0%30–60% Yale band80%

Store EBITDA · annual
$100K
EBITDA margin
21.0%
Total invested
$367K
Payback
44 mo
Unit-level only. A multi-unit portfolio gives up roughly 5–15% of this to shared services (corporate G&A) before reaching the ~10-unit break-even Yale describes.

Levered LBO scenario · Yale Crease Capital framing

What would 25 GNC units return on equity?

Edit assumptions

Equity IRR · 5-yr

49.9%

7.57× MOIC

Year-1 DSCR

1.88×

EBITDA ÷ debt service

Equity required

$1.3M

on $6.7M purchase

Total debt

$5.3M

SBA $3.3M + senior + seller note

Overview

About

GNC franchisees operate retail supplement and health product storefronts, managing inventory of vitamins, minerals, sports nutrition, and wellness products. Daily operations include customer consultation and sales, inventory management, point-of-sale transactions, and compliance with product labeling and marketing claims. Franchisees pay 6% of gross sales as royalties regardless of profitability.

CEO
Michael Costello
Founded
1935
FDD year
2025
States available
42

Item 7 · what it costs

The Vitals

Total investment
$188K – $507K
All-in to open one unit
Liquid capital
$10K – $30K
Cash you must have on hand
Franchise fee
$20K
Royalty
6.0%
Gross Sales · typical 6–8%
Ad fund
3.0%
typical 3–5%
Total fee load
9.0%
vs 9–13% typical

Item 19

Financial Performance

Avg gross sales
$476K
Per unit, per year
Median gross sales
$444K
Item 19 type
Average Gross Sales
Sample size
675 units
vs category median 12 · large
Range (low → high)
$139K$1.6M
Cohort dispersion
Transparency
4 / 5
vs category median 4 / 5 · typical
Revenue rank14th
vs Health & Wellness - Other peers
Investment cost rank50th
Lower investment ranks lower (better)
Royalty rate rank16th
Lower royalty = lower percentile (better)
Unit count rank99th
vs Health & Wellness - Other peers
Risk score rank62th
Lower risk = lower percentile (better)

Item 20 · unit dynamics

The Growth Chart

Total units
2,140
Opened
22
Last reporting year
Closed
64
Turnover rate
3.0%
Company-owned
1,437
Corporate units in the system
% franchised
33%
vs corporate-owned
Net growth (yr3)
-6.3%
Net unit change last year
3-yr CAGR
-9.2%
Compounded over last 3 years
2023
703-47
Franchised units
2024
750
Franchised units
2025
774
Franchised units

Year-over-year franchised unit counts and net change. Source: FDD Item 20.

Item 20 · 5 states with active franchisees

The Territory Map

Derived from franchisee contact records. Shows states with at least one current operator — not where the franchisor is registered to sell new units (that data is re-extracting in a future refresh).

AK
ME
VT
NH
MA
RI
CT
NY
NJ
PA
DE
MD
DC
WA
OR
CA
NV
ID
MT
WY
UT
CO
AZ
NM
ND
SD
NE
KS
OK
TX
MN
IA
MO
AR
LA
WI
IL
MS
TN
MI
IN
KY
AL
OH
WV
GA
VA
NC
SC
FL
HI
Registered · 5 states
Not registered

States derived from franchisee phone area codes (Item 20). Approximate — ported numbers may show the original state, not the franchisee's current location.

Government records

SBA Loan Data

Aggregated from SBA 7(a) loan disclosures, public data unique to FranchiseVerdict.

Total loans
19
Loan volume
Avg loan
Default rate
0.0%
vs <3% typical · system-wide
5-yr default

FranchiseVerdict rating + FDD Items 3, 5, 6, 12, 17

Risk & Legal

64
Risk · 0-100
MODERATE64 / 100

GNC presents high investment risk due to a contracting franchise system, multiple active litigations involving employment and consumer issues, undisclosed profitability metrics, and franchisor going concern status that threatens long-term operational support.

Score breakdown · what drove the 64 / 100 rating

  1. 01MINORSystem declining 6.3% YoY with 2,140 units suggests market contraction and potential viability concerns
  2. 02HIGHNumerous active litigations across trademark, employment, and consumer class actions indicate systemic operational and compliance issues
  3. 03HIGHGoing concern status raises questions about franchisor's financial stability and ability to support franchisees long-term
  4. 04MEDNo disclosed average net income creates opacity around actual profitability; $475K revenue with 6% royalty leaves unclear margins after COGS
  5. 05HIGHHigh litigation frequency (especially wage/hour and product labeling) suggests compliance challenges that could affect franchisee liability exposure
  6. 06MINOR5-year term is relatively short; combined with declining unit count, indicates potential challenges renewing or growing territory

Severity inferred from the FDD text · not a regulatory classification

FDD Items 5, 6, 12, 17 · continued from Risk & Legal

Contract & Territory Detail

Territory
Radius
Protected territory
Yes
Initial term
5 years
Renewal term
5 years
Online sales rights
Restricted
Franchisor can compete
Yes
Hire a manager?
Allowed
Litigation count
33
Right of first refusal
Yes
Franchisor can buy back on resale
Mandatory arbitration
Yes
Jury trial waiver
Yes
Non-compete
1 yrs
Post-termination restriction
Owner-operator
Optional
Governing law
Pennsylvania

Item 11

Training & Operations

Classroom training
17 hrs
On-the-job training
96 hrs
POS system
POS and peripherals and iPad and peripherals
Operating tech stack

Item 20

Franchisee Contacts

Phone numbers extracted directly from this brand's FDD Item 20. After purchase, you'll also receive a list of validation questions tailored to this brand.

Franchisee contacts

100 numbers

Locked
(949) 443-••••
CA
(209) 588-••••
CA
(205) 969-••••
AL

One-time purchase · CSV download · Validation questions included

FDD download

GNC · FDD (2025) PDF

Single-page checkout · instant download · CSV export of contacts available separately above