FranchiseVerdict
Penn Station East Coast Subs logo
FV-01915·STRONGExcellent95

Penn Station East Coast Subs

Food & Beverage - Full ServiceFranchising since 1987Website
Investment
$474K – $765K
63rd pct Full Service
Avg revenue
$817K
12th pct Full Service
Royalty
Units
322
92nd pct Full Service
SBA default
0.0%
vs <3% typical

Bottom line

  • Total investment $474K – $765K including a $25K franchise fee.
  • Average unit revenue of $817K/year (median $773K). Estimated payback in 5.3 years.
  • Rated STRONG with a risk score of 47/100. SBA loan default rate of 0.0% across 82 loans (below the industry average).
  • 67% of franchisees own multiple units — high repeat-buyer signal suggests strong unit economics.

Item 1 · who you're contracting with

The Franchisor

Legal entity
Penn Station, Inc.
Incorporated in
Ohio
HQ
1226 US Highway 50, Milford, Ohio 45150
Auditor
Shriver & Company
Audited financials
Franchisor revenue
$22.6M
vs $22.3M prior year

Yale framework · single-unit ROIC

Returns Analysis

Pulls Item 7 (investment) and Item 19 (revenue) from this brand's FDD into the Yale unlevered-ROIC formula. Override any input to stress-test it against your own assumptions.

The model · Yale framework

What would one Penn Station East Coast Subs unit return on the cash you put in?

Revenue · per unit, per year
$
FDD Item 19 reports $816,785
Franchisor take · royalty + ad fund
Royaltytyp 68%
%
Ad fundtyp 35%
%
Operating costs · category default: generic
COGS
%
Labor
%
Rent / occupancy
%
Other operating
%
Total invested capital · what you actually put in
Initial investment
$
FDD Item 7: $474K–$765K
Working capital
$
FDD reports $10K–$21K

Unlevered ROIC · per unit

19%

Below typical band (30–60%)

0%30–60% Yale band80%

Store EBITDA · annual
$123K
EBITDA margin
15.0%
Total invested
$635K
Payback
62 mo
Unit-level only. A multi-unit portfolio gives up roughly 5–15% of this to shared services (corporate G&A) before reaching the ~10-unit break-even Yale describes.

Levered LBO scenario · Yale Crease Capital framing

What would 25 Penn Station East Coast Subs units return on equity?

Edit assumptions

Equity IRR · 5-yr

49.9%

7.57× MOIC

Year-1 DSCR

1.88×

EBITDA ÷ debt service

Equity required

$1.3M

on $6.5M purchase

Total debt

$5.2M

SBA $3.3M + senior + seller note

Overview

About

Penn Station franchisees operate quick-service submarine sandwich shops, preparing fresh-made subs to order and managing counter service, inventory, staffing, and local marketing. Daily operations center on food prep, customer service, point-of-sale management, and adherence to brand standards across a typical 1,500–2,500 sq ft footprint.

CEO
Jeffrey J. Osterfeld
Founded
1985
FDD year
2025
States available
14

Item 7 · what it costs

The Vitals

Total investment
$474K – $765K
All-in to open one unit
Liquid capital
$10K – $21K
Cash you must have on hand
Franchise fee
$25K
Royalty
Varies depending on monthly net sales: 2% on net sales <=…
Ad fund
2.0%
typical 3–5%
Total fee load
4.0%
vs 9–13% typical
Payback period
5.3 yrs
From v3 / Item 19

Item 19

Financial Performance

Avg gross sales
$817K
Per unit, per year
Median gross sales
$773K
Item 19 type
Historical Performance
Sample size
313 units
vs category median 15 · large
Range (low → high)
$302K$1.9M
Cohort dispersion
Transparency
10 / 5
vs category median 4 / 5 · above
Revenue rank12th
vs Food & Beverage - Full Service peers
Investment cost rank63th
Lower investment ranks lower (better)
Royalty rate rank93th
Lower royalty = lower percentile (better)
Unit count rank92th
vs Food & Beverage - Full Service peers
Risk score rank10th
Lower risk = lower percentile (better)

Item 20 · unit dynamics

The Growth Chart

Total units
322
Opened
6
Last reporting year
Closed
0
Turnover rate
0.0%
Company-owned
1
Corporate units in the system
% franchised
100%
vs corporate-owned
Multi-unit owners
66.7%
Net growth (yr3)
-0.3%
Net unit change last year
3-yr CAGR
+0.9%
Compounded over last 3 years
2023
321-1
Franchised units
2024
322
Franchised units
2025
318
Franchised units

Year-over-year franchised unit counts and net change. Source: FDD Item 20.

Item 20 · 7 states with active franchisees

The Territory Map

Derived from franchisee contact records. Shows states with at least one current operator — not where the franchisor is registered to sell new units (that data is re-extracting in a future refresh).

AK
ME
VT
NH
MA
RI
CT
NY
NJ
PA
DE
MD
DC
WA
OR
CA
NV
ID
MT
WY
UT
CO
AZ
NM
ND
SD
NE
KS
OK
TX
MN
IA
MO
AR
LA
WI
IL
MS
TN
MI
IN
KY
AL
OH
WV
GA
VA
NC
SC
FL
HI
Registered · 7 states
Not registered

States derived from franchisee phone area codes (Item 20). Approximate — ported numbers may show the original state, not the franchisee's current location.

Government records

SBA Loan Data

Aggregated from SBA 7(a) loan disclosures, public data unique to FranchiseVerdict.

Total loans
82
Loan volume
Avg loan
Default rate
0.0%
vs <3% typical · system-wide
5-yr default

FranchiseVerdict rating + FDD Items 3, 5, 6, 12, 17

Risk & Legal

47
Risk · 0-100
STRONG47 / 100

Mature, stable but stagnant franchise system with declining unit count, compressed profit margins, and limited financial transparency—suitable only for operators comfortable with modest returns and patient capital.

Score breakdown · what drove the 47 / 100 rating

  1. 01MINORDeclining unit count (-0.3% YoY on 322 units) suggests stagnant or contracting system growth
  2. 02MINORWide royalty range (0-8%) creates unpredictable cost structure; unclear how many units hit 8% tier vs. benefit from abatement
  3. 03MINORNet income of $117,415 on $816,785 revenue (14.4% margin) is modest for QSR; leaves little buffer for economic downturns or underperformance
  4. 04HIGHNo disclosed litigation is positive, but absence of Item 19 financial data limits ability to validate average unit volumes and profitability claims
  5. 05MINORHigh initial investment ($473K–$765K) paired with modest average net income creates extended payback period risk

Severity inferred from the FDD text · not a regulatory classification

FDD Items 5, 6, 12, 17 · continued from Risk & Legal

Contract & Territory Detail

Territory
Radius
Protected territory
Yes
Initial term
10 years
Renewal term
10 years
Online sales rights
Granted
Franchisor can compete
Yes
Hire a manager?
Allowed
Litigation count
0
Right of first refusal
Yes
Franchisor can buy back on resale
Mandatory arbitration
No
Jury trial waiver
Yes
Non-compete
2 yrs
Post-termination restriction
Owner-operator
Required
Governing law
Ohio

Item 11

Training & Operations

Classroom training
25 hrs
On-the-job training
202 hrs
POS system
North Key
Operating tech stack

Item 20

Franchisee Contacts

Phone numbers extracted directly from this brand's FDD Item 20. After purchase, you'll also receive a list of validation questions tailored to this brand.

Franchisee contacts

97 numbers

Locked
(317) 569-••••
Bridgestone Restaurant Group, LLC
IN
(317) 578-••••
Bridgestone Restaurant Group, LLC
IN
(317) 838-••••
Bridgestone Restaurant Group, LLC
IN

One-time purchase · CSV download · Validation questions included

FDD download

Penn Station East Coast Subs · FDD (2025) PDF

Single-page checkout · instant download · CSV export of contacts available separately above